Tables
table are defined with their (database-independent)
data types and lengths.
When
the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database
for the table
definition stored in the ABAP Dictionary. The table
definition is translated from the ABAP
Dictionary
to a definition of the particular database.
Table Fields
You must define the following for a
table field in the ABAP Dictionary:
1 Field name: The field name can
have a maximum of 16 places and may contain letters,
digits and underscores. The field name
must begin with a letter.
2 Key flag: determines whether
the field should belong to the table key.
3 Field type: data type of the
field in the ABAP Dictionary.
4 Field length: number of valid
places in the field.
5 Decimal places: number of
places after the decimal point, specifying numeric data
types.
6
Short text: short text describing the meaning of the field.
Technical requirement to create the table: -
1. Name of the table starts with ‘y’ or ‘z’ because
a x
reserved for SAP.
2. Provide list of fields, data types
and lengths.
3. Provide the delivery class.
4.
Provide the Technical settings.
Delivery class: - It defines the
owner of the table as well as it controls the transport of the data from one
table to another table.
Technical setting is nothing but
combination of DATA CLASS & SIZE OF THE CATEGORY.
Data class: - Data class
defines the physical area of the database in where our table is logically
stored. Some of the important data classes are:-
APPL 0:- Master data class
APPL 1:-Transaction data
class
APPL 2:- Organization
data class
Master data class: - Master data
class is the data, which data we can access frequently as well as update
rarely.
Ex:
- customer master data, employee master data
Transaction data: - It’s
the data, which data we can access frequently as well as updated frequently.
Ex: - Sales order data, purchase order data
Technical data is dependent data.
Organizational data: - It’s the data,
which data we can access frequently & updated rarely. Organizational data
is created at the time system configures.
Ex:
- Company data, branches data
Size category: - The size category defines the
expected space required for the table in the database. You can choose a size
category from 0 to 4 for your table. Each category is assigned a certain fixed
memory
size in the database, which depends on the database system used.
Steps
to create the table: -
1. In the initial
screen of the ABAP Dictionary, select object class Database table, enter
the
table name and
choose Create.
The maintenance
screen for the table is displayed.
2. Enter an
explanatory short text in the field Short
text.
You can for example
find the table at a later time using this short text.
3. On the Attributes
tab page, enter the delivery class
of the table.
4. On the Fields
tab page, enter the table fields. Perform the following steps for each
table field:
Enter a name for the table field in the column Fields.
Select the Key column if the field
should be part of the table key.
Enter the name of a
data element in field Field type.
5. Maintain the technical settings for the
table. The corresponding maintenance
screen is displayed
with
Goto _ Technical settings.
6. Save the
table.
A dialog box
appears in which you have to assign the table a development class.
7. ACTIVATE your
table Ctrl + F3.
As Example below
Field Key
Data type Length Short Description
Eid CHAR 10 Employee
ID
Ename CHAR 25 Name of the employee
Eadd CHAR 35 Address of employee
Steps to provide the
data to the table directly: -
In the menu bar click on utilities - table contents - provide the data.
Click on save. Repeat same steps for all employees.
Steps to display the
data from table: -
In the menu bar click on utilities - Table contents
display. Click on execute.
Data Elements & Domain
Data element is the
collection of domain with short description or
A data element
describes either an elementary type or a reference type.
An elementary type
is defined by the built-in data type, length and possibly the number of
decimal places.
These type attributes can either be defined directly in the data element or
copied
from a domain.
Domain
Domain is the collection of data types &
lengths.
A domain is assigned to a data element. All table
fields or
structure components that use this data element then
have the value range defined by the
domain. The relationship between the field or
component and the domain is thus defined by the
data
element of the field or component.
Steps
to create the domain: -
1. Select object
type Domains in the
initial screen of the ABAP Dictionary, enter the name of the
domain and choose Create.
The maintenance
screen for domains appears.
2. Enter an
explanatory short text in the field Short
text.
You can for example
find the domain at a later time using this short text.
3. On the Data
type tab page, choose the data type,
number of places (valid
positions without
editing characters such as comma or period) and number of decimal places
(only needed for
data types DEC, FLTP, QUAN and CURR).
Note that some data
types have a fixed length. For example, the data type CLNT (client)
always has 3 places.
If you enter an invalid number of places for such a data type, the
system corrects
this automatically after issuing a warning.
4. If only certain
input values are valid for the domain, you can enter them in the Value range
tab page as fixed values.
You can also define
a value table as proposed value for
foreign key checks
on this tab page.
5. Save the domain.
You are asked to
assign the domain a development class.
6. Choose ACTIVATE or Ctrl +
F3.
Steps
to create the data element: -
1. Select the radio
button data type enter the data element
name and choose Create.
2. Select the data
element and enter.
The maintenance
screen for data elements appears.
3. Enter an
explanatory short text in the field Short text.
The short text
appears as title in the F1 help for all the screen fields referring to this
data
element.
4. On the Definition
tab page, define the data type, number of places and
possibly the number
of decimal places of the data element. You can define these
attributes by
specifying a domain or by direct type entry.
If the data element
should have the type attributes of a domain, you only have to select
Domain
and enter the domain name in the corresponding field. You
can also define a
new domain and
create it by navigating to the domain maintenance screen by double-clicking
(see Creating Domains).
If you want to
enter the type attributes directly, select Direct type entry. Entries
are now
possible in the
fields Data type, Number of places and Decimal places.
If the data element
should be a reference to a class or an interface, select Reference
type.
Enter the name of the class or interface in the Reference field. You can
also enter
OBJECT or DATA if
the data element should implement a generic reference to objects or
data objects.
5. On the Field label tab page you can
(optionally) maintain text information
(short, medium, and
long field labels and the title) for the data element.
You can use this
text information in input templates to represent fields that refer to this
data element.
6. Save the data
element.
You are asked to
assign the data element a development class.
7. Choose ACTIVATE or Ctrl +
F3.
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